Egwald Economics: Macroeconomics - Comparative Statics IS-LM Model

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Egwald Economics: Macroeconomics

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Elmer G. Wiens

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Macroeconomics Theory, Testing, and Applications

Closed Canadian Economy Version | Open Canadian Economy Version | Comparative Statics of the Canadian IS-LM Model

Comparative Statics Of

The Basic Keynesian IS-LM Model

Closed Canadian Economy Version

consumers | producers | money demand | government

product market | money market | economy equilibrium

Shifting the Economy's Equilibrium.

Macroeconomic variables and aggregates, such as national income and product, consumers' expenditures and savings, producers' output of products and producers' investment in capital, government revenues (taxes) and expenditures, exports and imports, the level and composition (by age, sex, and region) of employment, and the quantity of money in circulation, fluctuate constantly.

Consumers changing their spending behaviour, firms investing more or less in capital as their expectations of profitable opportunities change, and the government adjusting the supply of money to accommodate variations in its expenditures and tax revenues are examples of shifts in the underlying parameters of the IS-LM model. Such changes in the parameters will induce a shift in the economy's equilibrium.

On this web page, I permit you to adjust the model's parameters to see how the equilibrium macroeconomic variables and aggregates change. For example, suppose the government decides to drastically curtail its expenditures. What does the IS-LM model predict will happen to the macroeconomic variables and aggregates?

The diagrams on this web page show the macroeconomic functions for the two systems and corresponding IS-LM equilibriums. I express all aggregates in billions of dollars.

System 1 (in blue): the parameters of the macroeconomic functions reflect the average values of the macroeconomic aggregates of the Canadian economy during the years of 2001 - 2003. Government expenditures g = 210 and the money supply ms = 200.

System 2 (in red): you set the parameters of the macroeconomic functions to whatever values you want, within limits. Try to replicate the macroeconomic aggregates for some year. Initially, I set government expenditures g = 170, and the money supply ms = 190.

Set the parameters for the consumers, producers, and the government as desired

and CLICK ON THE SUBMIT PARAMETERS BUTTON BELOW!

Consumers (Individuals).

The Consumer Expenditure Function.

System 1: c =	100	+	0.7 * yd	-	20 * r	+	0.5 * r²
System 2: c =	100	+	0.7 * yd	-	20 * r	+	0.5 * r²
Range	80 - 120		.65 - .72		18 - 22		0.4 - 0.6

Producers (Firms).

The Private Firms' Investment Function.

System 1: i =	100	+	0.2 * y	-	40 * r	+	1.5 * r²
System 2: i =	100	+	0.2 * y	-	40 * r	+	1.5 * r²
Range	80 - 120		.15 - .22		38 - 42		1.3 - 1.7

Consumers and Producers.

The Money Demand Function.

System 1: md =	75	+	0.23 * y	-	35 * r	+	1.5 * r²
System 2: md =	75	+	0.23 * y	-	35 * r	+	1.5 * r²
Range	70 - 85		.21 - .25		32 - 38		1.3 - 1.7

The Government.

Revenues and the Tax Function.

System 1: t =	- 25	+	0.22 * y	= 190.62.
System 2: t =	- 25	+	0.22 * y	= 171.7.
Range	20 - 30		.19 - .25

Disposable Income

Disposable national income, yd equals national income less taxes:

System 1:

yd = y - (-25 + 0.22*y) = 25 + 0.78*y = 25 + 0.78 * 980.08 = 789.46.

System 2:

yd = y - (-25 + 0.22*y) = 25 + 0.78*y = 25 + 0.78 * 894.07= 722.37.

Expenditures.

System 1: government expenditures g = 210 billion dollars.

System 2: government expenditures g = 170 [170-250] billion dollars.

Money Supply.

System 1: money supply ms = 200 billion dollars.

System 2: money supply ms = 190 [160-240] billion dollars.

The Product (Commodity) Market Equilibrium.

The c + i + g curve as a function of r and y is:

System 1: c + i + g = 427.5 + 0.746*y - 60*r + 2*r²

System 2: c + i + g = 387.5 + 0.746*y - 60*r + 2*r²

The IS Curve.

System 1: y = 1683.07 - 236.22 * r + 7.87 * r²

System 2: y = 1525.59 - 236.22 * r + 7.87 * r²

The Money Market Equilibrium.

The LM Curve.

The LM curve, y as a function of the rate of interest r, is:

System 1: y = 543.48 + 152.17 * r - 6.52 * r²

System 2: y = 500 + 152.17 * r - 6.52 * r²

The IS-LM Demand Equilibrium.

Economy Equilibrium Macroeconomic Variables and Aggregates

	System 1	System 2
National Income: y	980.08	894.07
Rate of Interest: r	3.35	2.97
Disposable National Income: yd	789.46	722.37
Consumer Expenditures: c	591.23	550.73
Firm Investments: i	178.85	173.34
Government Expenditures: g	210	170
Government Revenue: t	190.62	171.7
Money Supply: ms	200	190
Consumer Savings: s = yd - c	198.23	171.65

Works Cited and Consulted

Akerlof, George A. "The Missing Motivation in Macroeconomics." Presidential Address, AEA, January, 2007.
Branson, William H. and James M. Litvack. Macroeconomics. New York: Harper, 1976.
Crouch, Robert L. Macroeconomics. New York: Harcourt, 1972.
Darby, Michael. Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
Dornbusch, Rudiger. Open Economy Macroeconomics. New York: Basic, 1980.
Dornbusch, Rudiger, Stanley Fischer, and Gordon Sparks. Macroeconomics, 1st. Canadian Edition. Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
Laidler, David E. W. The Demand For Money: Theories and Evidence. Scranton, Penn.: International Textbook, 1969.
Parkin, Michael, and Robin Bade. Macroeconomics. 4th ed. Toronto: Addison Wesley, 2000.